Deforming gonarthrosis (arthrosis of knee) – a disease in the hyaline cartilage of the knee due to degenerative, inflammatory-dystrophic process. This disease encompasses tibial condyle and the femur.
Arthrosis of the knee joint develops slowly. The main symptoms of this disease is pain and stiffness. This type of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, is more common in comparison with other types (arthrosis of phalanges, hip arthrosis, elbow or shoulder osteoarthritis).
This disease manifests itself most often in middle-aged (40-45 years), especially in women. The cause of osteoarthritis in young people and can be used any serious injury or heavy load (for example, sportsmen).
The cause of osteoarthritis of the knee
The cause of deforming arthrosis of the joints can not be, and in general, it is the totality of the circumstances and of many catalytic factors that will eventually lead to the development of the disease. In medicine, the cause of osteoarthritis can be divided into:
- primary;
- secondary.
Primary osteoarthritis develops in older people due to natural aging (erase) the cartilage tissues of the body in connection with the accompanying complications. Among the complications include problems such as:
- hereditary pathology;
- improved tension on the joints throughout life;
- obesity (in 10% of cases).
Deformavit to secondary arthrosis will take 30% of all cases of the disease in the knee iuncturam. This form of osteoarthritis develops as a result of various injuries:
- damage to the meniscus;
- the fracture of the tibia;
- the broken ligaments;
- bruise and pain in the knee.
The symptoms of osteoarthritis secondary appears much later, after 3-4 years, however, serious injuries to the symptoms of the disease appear after 3-4 months.
In a situation of risk for the development of gonarthrosis includes people who after 40 years are starting to participate in sports or other physical activities. Running, squats or push-UPS give extra work worn joints with age. This type of study could lead to the rapid development of degenerative and dystrophic processes in the joints.
There are cases of development of osteoarthritis on the basis of the existing patient comorbidities:
- Bechterew's disease;
- rheumatoid, psoriatic or reactive arthritis;
- gout;
- varicose veins;
- excess weight (obesity).
The reasons for the development of deforming arthrosis directly into the knee joint include:
- regular heavy physical effort;
- weight lifting;
- frequent climbing of stairs;
- professional sports;
The risk diagnosed as gonarthrosis, increases if the patient is lesions of the spinal division of the bones, several neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus (3-5%) genetic predisposition due to the weakness of the ligamentous apparatus.
Often (50-60%) the development of deforming arthrosis of the knee joint is due to muscle spasm anterior surface of the thigh. This spasm is not evident until the appearance of pain in the knees. Disadvantages are mild pain in the lower back, heavy legs and fatigue.
If the iliac-lumbar straight and thigh muscle is in a constant state of spasm, with age, the patient will develop "contraction" of the knees, which will significantly limit the motor.
The latest discovery scientists
Belgian orthopaedic surgeons of the city of Leuven have recently found a previously unknown and absolutely not studied a lot of EVERYTHING, which is localized in the human knee. This package was named "front" or "anterolaterala".
The study, which lasted 4 years, have been confirmed in exceptional cases, when patients after successful surgery for broken ligaments or knee injuries, pain during the year did not disappear, and the assertion of the instability of the knee joint.
The research was conducted by experts of 40 patients, which has allowed the detection of the gang, that the doctors did not have any data. As a result, the main function of ligaments are anterolaterala movement of rotation of the tibial bones.
When the knee injury the doctors were not aware of the need of correction during the surgery.
Classification of deforming arthrosis of the knee joint
Often the disease develops in only one knee. Given the intensity of development of pathological processes, physicians allocate 3 degrees of osteoarthritis:
- The first degree of osteoarthritis of the knee, not supposed to deformavit changes, however, are characterized by the recurring pain after the loading of the joint. Sometimes a mild inflammation of the joint, disappearing on its own.
- When a knee in the second degree, the symptoms of the disease is greatly increasing. Pain syndrome is manifested after a small exercise. Walk, lift weights cause prolonged and intense pain, the patient has a characteristic knee of the crisis. Probably the appearance of easy deformation of the joint and slight limitation of motion.
- In the third degree of deforming arthrosis of the knee joint there is a maximum spreading of the symptoms of the disease. The patient is altered the march, he pronounced the deformity of the joint and significant functional limitation of movements. The pain is worse depending on weather conditions, limited joint reaches to its maximum point. The pain is so severe that the patient cannot find a position in which he fell, disturbed sleep.
What can confuse osteoarthritis of the knee, the joint?
There are several diseases with similar symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee:
Locking of the knee joint and the locking of the meniscus. This disease develops quickly. With a strong movement there is a crisis in the knee accompanied by a sharp pain that goes through 10-15 minutes. A day later, the swelling is made up of the kneecap.
Different types of arthritis (rheumatoid, psoriatic, reactive), rheumatism joint, ankylosing spondylitis, gout. To distinguish these diseases from osteoarthritis with the help of the blood test.
Inflammation of the tendons of the knee. This disease affects mostly women after the age of 40. The pain is produced in the lift or down the stairs. The pain covers the internal surface of the knee, but the functionality of the joint is not limited.
Vascular pain in the knee joints. It is symmetrical involvement of the joints, covering both knees at the same time. This occurs especially in the young generation because of accelerated bone growth. Pain syndrome, says:
- with the change of weather conditions;
- colds;
- during the financial year.
It is defined as a persistent pain (torsion).
The symptoms of deforming arthrosis of the knee in stages
In the first stage of the knee joint affected by its appearance differs nothing from the healthy.
- Sometimes, in the area of the injury you may see a slight inflammation.
- In rare cases, iuncturam observed the accumulation of fluid, it swells, taking a spherical form.
- Synovitis develops.
- Restricted to the functionality of the joint.
- There is a sense of gravity.
What is the reason?
In the initial phase of development of osteoarthritis of the joint is a violation of the small intra-bone blood vessels and the circulation of the blood in General, that depends on the nutrition of hyaline cartilage.
With the development of the disease (second stage) the symptoms intensified. Pain is defined in the anterior-internal side of the joint and worried even at high loads, to retire to rest, and return to the slightest movement.
When deforming arthrosis of the knee joint of the third degree there is a significant deformation of the articulating bones. Is pressed one on the other, the cartilage is almost destroyed, the limited functionality is enhanced. Syndrome pain recedes for a moment, regardless of the tension or relaxed state in which the joint. Flexion and extension of the limb is difficult.
The joint is severely deformed, the legs are bent at the O - or X - shape, the motion becomes unstable. Very often the patient had to walk with crutches or walking sticks.